Building Example: Garage with Hip Roof (Garage Door, Entry Door & Window)
This example is to help Windloadcalc.com users understand how to enter information for a Hip Roof building. This following will give you the understanding of how to properly enter your building information and get the wind load calculations needed for door(s), window(s), and your roof. You will also be given the understanding of how to apply zones to your door(s), window(s), and roof. First, you must enter your building’s information. Reference the images below. The first image is “Building Information”. This is a section on the program that is required. The second image is a diagram of the garage that we will be finding wind loads for. The numbers applied to this diagram are the zone locations; these zones locations are standard for all buildings according to ASCE 7.
“Building Information” requirements are explained one by one. (By running your cursor over the top of each description you will be given information, stated from ASCE 7, that helps you with your entries. This information is provided on each program for quick and easy reference, but can also be found in the ASCE 7 book; in Chapter 6). All the “Building Information” is entered, next is to find the wind loads for the roof, door(s), and window(s). 1. Wind Velocity: The number entered in this cell is to have the units in miles per hour (mph). This is the velocity zone location that your building is located, according to the ASCE 7 Basic Wind Speed Map. The map is provided with the purchase of your programs. 2. Building Category: Make your selection from the pull-down list. The options are provided in the description given on the program (place cursor over the top of the description.) If you need more information on Building Categories, please reference Table 1-1 in the ASCE 7 book. 3. Importance Factor: The value is automatically calculated for you, based on your “Building Category” entry. You can view the values of the Importance Factor from the “Building Category” description; when placing your cursor over the top of the description. 4. Exposure: From the pull-down list you have three (3) choices. Exposures B, C, & D. (Exposure A was eliminated after ASCE 7-98). Make your selections based on the information that is provided is the description. (The description provided is the same description you will find in ASCE 7). 5. Internal Pressure: Make your selection from the pull-down list provided. You have three (3) choices. 1) Partially Enclosed, 2) Enclosed Building, 3) Open Building. a. Partially Enclosed: This type of building has walls under the roof, but also has at least one side that is exposed or open to the outside. b. Enclosed: This is the most common. This type of building has no openings exposed to the outside. The walls enclose the entire building under the roof. c. Open Building: This type of structure has no walls under the roof, and is completely exposed to the outside. This would basically be a roof that is only supported by post, pillars or similar supports. 6. Height Above Ground: This is also know as the value “z”. This value is for elevated buildings, for the simple fact that the value of “z” is the dimension from the ground to the bottom of your building. So if your building is at ground level, this value would be zero (0). 7. Standard Wall Height: This value is the dimension measured from the ground to the eave height (or where the lower portion of your roof meets the side-wall) of your building. 8. Mean Roof Height: This also known as the value “h”. This value is the dimension measured from grade to the average of the roof eave height and the highest point on the roof surface, except that eave height shall be used for the roof angle if it is less than or equal to 10 degrees. Remember: When h > 60 ft., your roof angle must be less than or equal to 10 degrees; according to the ASCE 7. Flat Roofs: This will be the actual building height value. 9. Building Width: This value is the width dimension of your building; in feet. 10. Building Length: This value is the length dimension of your building; in feet. 11. Roof Slope: This is the value of “x” over twelve; or x/12. You need to enter a value from 0-12 (Zero (0) is flat, and twelve (12) is 45 degrees). 12. Roof Angle: This value is automatically calculated and entered for you. It displays the angle of your roof based on the value of “x” entered for your roof’s slope. 13. Edge Strip: This value is also known as the value of “a”. This value is automatically calculated based off of the building information you entered. The Edge Strip value (“a”), is used to determine the dimensions of zone five (5) for your wall sections, and zone (3) for your roof sections. 14. End Zone: This value is the total Edge Strip value along one side of your wall. This value is also automatically calculated for you, based off of the building information you entered in. It is basically the value of “a” multiplied by two (2).
Below is a diagram that shows the garage that we are finding wind loads for. As you can see the numbers below show the zones for the garage.
Note:
Finding Roof Wind Loads: First find the dimension (from center-to-center) of your roof’s truss frames. For this example our truss frames are dimensioned 3 feet from center-to-center (Reference the diagram below). Building Length is 30ft, and the value of “a” (Edge Strip) is 3 feet.
From this we can determine the areas with our Zones 1, 2, & 3. Below is a diagram that shows the zones with their respective areas.
Zone 3 = (Value of “a”) x (Value of “a”) = (3 feet) x (3 feet) = 9 square feet.
Zone 2 (Perimeter) = (Truss Frame: center-to-center) x (Value of “a”) (Width & Length) = (3 feet) x (3 feet) (Eave Areas) = 9 square feet.
Zone 2 (Perimeter) = (Value of “a”) x (Trigonometry) (Width & Length) = (3 feet) x (9 feet) (Ridge Areas) = 27 square feet.
Zone 2 (Perimeter: Length Side) = (Value of “a”) x (Trigonometry) (Width & Length) = (3 feet) x (4.5 feet) (Eave & Ridge Areas) = 13.5 square feet Note: Program calculates the precise number, but shows the effective area on the program rounded up.
Zone 1 (Interior: Width Side) = (Truss Frame: center-to-center) x (Trigonometry) = (3 feet) x (4.28 feet) = 12.84 square feet
Zone 1 (Interior: Length Side) = (Truss Frame: center-to-center) x (Dimension between Zone 2) = (3 feet) x (3.5 feet) = 10.5 square feet Zone 1 (Interior: Length Side) = (Truss Frame: center-to-center) x (Trigonometry) = (3 feet) x (1.75 feet) = 5.25 square feet
It is not necessary to calculate for each individual area for the zones on the roof since they are equally distributed, meaning the following applies: Ø All of the areas for Zone 3 = 9 sqft. Ø Reference the color coded roof image on the previous page. Finding Wall Wind Loads for Window & Doors: For this example we have: Window A: Side Window = W x H = (5 feet x 3 feet) = 15 square feet Door B: Garage Door = W x H = (16 feet x 8 feet) = 128 square feet Door C: Entrance Door = W x H = (3 feet x 7 feet) = 21 square feet
Note: The “Opening Elevation” is the dimension measured from the ground to the center point of the opening. The following diagrams show how to determine the “Opening Elevation” for the garage door and the windows.
We are now able to enter in all the information into the Windloadcalc.com Program. The following page is the computed spreadsheet.
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